Artifact: These are unwanted image abnormalities like Chromatic Aberrations, Blooming, Moire, Noise, JPG Compression and others.
barrel distortion: This will cause images to look inflated near the center of each corner (like an old CRT TV). It usually occurs on wide-angle lenses and at the wide end of the zoom.
Histogram: Histograms represent brightness distribution in digital images. They are important to evaluate correct exposure. The height (y-axis) represents the amount of pixels and the x-axis represents the brightness value.
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aperture-It dilates and contracts to control the diameter of the hole that the light passes though, to let in more or less light. It is controlled by the f-stop ring.
shutter-is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene.
exposure-is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium (photographic film or image sensor) during the process of taking a photograph
depth of field-is the amount of distance between the nearest and farthest objects that appear in acceptably sharp focus in a photograph.
F-stop-the maximum aperture of the lens.
focal length-of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges (focuses) or diverges (defocuses) light.
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